diff --git a/src/cli/output-cache.test.ts b/src/cli/output-cache.test.ts
index 2504f484f..d81c613c3 100644
--- a/src/cli/output-cache.test.ts
+++ b/src/cli/output-cache.test.ts
@@ -4,13 +4,13 @@ import path from "path";
 
 import test from "ava";
 
-import { isVersionInfo } from "../codeql";
 import { setupTests } from "../testing-utils";
 
 import {
   cacheCommandOutput,
   getCachedCommandOutput,
   resetCachedCommandOutputs,
+  type VersionInfo,
 } from "./output-cache";
 
 setupTests(test);
@@ -60,7 +60,6 @@ test.serial(
         getCachedCommandOutput(
           "version",
           "/path/to/codeql",
-          isVersionInfo,
         ),
         { version: "2.20.0" },
       );
@@ -82,7 +81,6 @@ test.serial(
         getCachedCommandOutput(
           "version",
           "/path/to/codeql",
-          isVersionInfo,
         ),
         undefined,
       );
@@ -99,7 +97,6 @@ test.serial(
         getCachedCommandOutput(
           "version",
           "/path/to/codeql",
-          isVersionInfo,
         ),
         undefined,
       );
@@ -115,7 +112,6 @@ test.serial(
         getCachedCommandOutput(
           "version",
           "/path/to/codeql",
-          isVersionInfo,
         ),
         undefined,
       );
@@ -141,7 +137,6 @@ test.serial(
           getCachedCommandOutput(
             "version",
             "/path/to/codeql",
-            isVersionInfo,
           ),
           undefined,
           JSON.stringify(output),
@@ -162,7 +157,6 @@ test.serial(
         getCachedCommandOutput(
           "version",
           "/path/to/codeql",
-          isVersionInfo,
         ),
         undefined,
       );
@@ -172,15 +166,11 @@ test.serial(
 
 test.serial("cacheCommandOutput persists the output to the memo", async (t) => {
   await withCacheDir(() => {
-    cacheCommandOutput("version", "/path/to/codeql", {
-      hello: "world",
-    });
+    const output: VersionInfo = { version: "2.20.0" };
+    cacheCommandOutput("version", "/path/to/codeql", output);
 
     // Tier 1: the value is immediately available from the memo.
-    t.deepEqual(
-      getCachedCommandOutput("version", "/path/to/codeql"),
-      { hello: "world" },
-    );
+    t.deepEqual(getCachedCommandOutput("version", "/path/to/codeql"), output);
   });
 });
 
@@ -188,21 +178,17 @@ test.serial(
   "getCachedCommandOutput prefers the in-memory memo over the file",
   async (t) => {
     await withCacheDir((cacheFilePath) => {
-      cacheCommandOutput("version", "/path/to/codeql", {
-        value: 1,
-      });
+      const output: VersionInfo = { version: "2.20.0", overlayVersion: 1 };
+      cacheCommandOutput("version", "/path/to/codeql", output);
 
       // Overwrite the file with a different value; the memo (tier 1) should win.
       writeCacheFile(cacheFilePath, {
         version: {
           cmd: "/path/to/codeql",
-          output: { value: 2 },
+          output: { version: "2.21.0" },
         },
       });
-      t.deepEqual(
-        getCachedCommandOutput("version", "/path/to/codeql"),
-        { value: 1 },
-      );
+      t.deepEqual(getCachedCommandOutput("version", "/path/to/codeql"), output);
     });
   },
 );
diff --git a/src/cli/output-cache.ts b/src/cli/output-cache.ts
index 4acb055da..78dbbe4f2 100644
--- a/src/cli/output-cache.ts
+++ b/src/cli/output-cache.ts
@@ -14,15 +14,97 @@ const COMMAND_CACHE_FILENAME = "codeql-action-command-cache.json";
 /** A key used to identify cached command output. */
 export type CommandCacheKey = "version" | "resolve languages";
 
+export interface VersionInfo {
+  version: string;
+  features?: { [name: string]: boolean };
+  /**
+   * The overlay version helps deal with backward incompatible changes for
+   * overlay analysis. When a precompiled query pack reports the same overlay
+   * version as the CodeQL CLI, we can use the CodeQL CLI to perform overlay
+   * analysis with that pack. Otherwise, if the overlay versions are different,
+   * or if either the pack or the CLI does not report an overlay version,
+   * we need to revert to non-overlay analysis.
+   */
+  overlayVersion?: number;
+}
+
+/** Returns true if `x` is a {@link VersionInfo}. */
+export function isVersionInfo(x: unknown): x is VersionInfo {
+  return (
+    json.isObject(x) &&
+    json.validateSchema(
+      {
+        version: json.string,
+        features: json.optional(json.object),
+        overlayVersion: json.optional(json.number),
+      },
+      x,
+    )
+  );
+}
+
+export interface ResolveLanguagesOutput {
+  aliases?: {
+    [alias: string]: string;
+  };
+  extractors: {
+    [language: string]: Array<{
+      extractor_root: string;
+      extractor_options?: any;
+    }>;
+  };
+}
+
+/** Returns true if `x` is a {@link ResolveLanguagesOutput}. */
+export function isResolveLanguagesOutput(
+  x: unknown,
+): x is ResolveLanguagesOutput {
+  return (
+    json.isObject<ResolveLanguagesOutput>(x) &&
+    json.isObject(x.extractors) &&
+    Object.values(x.extractors).every(
+      (extractorList) =>
+        json.isArray(extractorList) &&
+        extractorList.every(
+          (extractor) =>
+            json.isObject<{ extractor_root: unknown }>(extractor) &&
+            json.isString(extractor.extractor_root),
+        ),
+    ) &&
+    (x.aliases === undefined ||
+      (json.isObject(x.aliases) &&
+        Object.values(x.aliases).every((alias) => json.isString(alias))))
+  );
+}
+
+export type CommandCacheKeyOutputMap = {
+  version: VersionInfo;
+  "resolve languages": ResolveLanguagesOutput;
+};
+
+const commandCacheValidators: {
+  [K in CommandCacheKey]: (
+    output: unknown,
+  ) => output is CommandCacheKeyOutputMap[K];
+} = {
+  version: isVersionInfo,
+  "resolve languages": isResolveLanguagesOutput,
+};
+
+interface StoredCommandCacheEntry {
+  cmd: string;
+  output: unknown;
+}
+
 /** A single cached command output together with the CLI path it came from. */
-interface CommandCacheEntry {
+export interface CommandCacheEntry<K extends CommandCacheKey> {
   /**
    * The path to the CodeQL CLI that produced `output`. Persisted so that a
    * different step using a different CodeQL bundle doesn't pick up a stale
    * value.
    */
   cmd: string;
-  output: unknown;
+  output: CommandCacheKeyOutputMap[K];
 }
 
 /**
@@ -30,7 +112,10 @@ interface CommandCacheEntry {
  * whenever a value is read from the file (tier 2) or computed via the CLI
  * (tier 3).
  */
-const inMemoryCache = new Map<CommandCacheKey, CommandCacheEntry>();
+const inMemoryCache = new Map<
+  CommandCacheKey,
+  CommandCacheEntry<CommandCacheKey>
+>();
 const logger = getActionsLogger();
 
 function getCommandCacheFilePath(): string {
@@ -41,7 +126,7 @@ function getCommandCacheFilePath(): string {
  * Reads and parses the temporary cache file. Best-effort: a missing, malformed,
  * or otherwise unreadable file is treated as an empty cache.
  */
-function readCommandCacheFile(): Record<string, CommandCacheEntry> {
+function readCommandCacheFile(): Record<string, StoredCommandCacheEntry> {
   if (!fs.existsSync(getCommandCacheFilePath())) {
     return {};
   }
@@ -75,12 +160,12 @@ export function writeCommandCacheFile(): void {
 /**
  * Stores the output of a CLI command under `key` in a module-global object.
  */
-export function cacheCommandOutput(
-  key: CommandCacheKey,
+export function cacheCommandOutput<K extends CommandCacheKey>(
+  key: K,
   cmd: string,
-  output: unknown,
+  output: CommandCacheKeyOutputMap[K],
 ): void {
-  const entry: CommandCacheEntry = { cmd, output };
+  const entry: CommandCacheEntry<K> = { cmd, output };
   inMemoryCache.set(key, entry);
 }
 
@@ -95,32 +180,33 @@ export function cacheCommandOutput(
  * A return value of `undefined` signals the caller to fall back to tier 3 (the
  * CLI).
  */
-export function getCachedCommandOutput<T>(
-  key: CommandCacheKey,
+export function getCachedCommandOutput<K extends CommandCacheKey>(
+  key: K,
   cmd?: string,
-  validate?: (output: unknown) => output is T,
-): T | undefined {
+): CommandCacheKeyOutputMap[K] | undefined {
   // Tier 1: the in-memory variable.
   const memoized = inMemoryCache.get(key);
   if (memoized !== undefined) {
-    return memoized.output as T;
+    return memoized.output as CommandCacheKeyOutputMap[K];
   }
 
   // Tier 2: the temporary file persisted by an earlier step, if any.
   const entry = readCommandCacheFile()[key] as unknown;
   if (
-    !json.isObject<CommandCacheEntry>(entry) ||
+    !json.isObject<StoredCommandCacheEntry>(entry) ||
     !json.isString(entry.cmd) ||
     (cmd !== undefined && entry.cmd !== cmd) ||
-    (validate !== undefined && !validate(entry.output))
+    !commandCacheValidators[key](entry.output)
   ) {
     logger.warning("Received invalid data from the command-cache file.");
     return undefined;
   }
 
   // Memoize so subsequent lookups in this process hit tier 1.
-  cacheCommandOutput(key, entry.cmd, entry.output);
-  return entry.output as T;
+  const cachedEntry = entry as StoredCommandCacheEntry;
+  const output = cachedEntry.output as CommandCacheKeyOutputMap[K];
+  cacheCommandOutput(key, cachedEntry.cmd, output);
+  return output;
 }
 
 /**
diff --git a/src/codeql.ts b/src/codeql.ts
index 9bfeba911..b93078286 100644
--- a/src/codeql.ts
+++ b/src/codeql.ts
@@ -15,7 +15,10 @@ import * as api from "./api-client";
 import {
   cacheCommandOutput,
   getCachedCommandOutput,
+  type CommandCacheKeyOutputMap,
   type CommandCacheKey,
+  type ResolveLanguagesOutput,
+  type VersionInfo,
 } from "./cli/output-cache";
 import { CliError, wrapCliConfigurationError } from "./cli-errors";
 import { appendExtraQueryExclusions, type Config } from "./config-utils";
@@ -27,7 +30,6 @@ import {
   FeatureEnablement,
 } from "./feature-flags";
 import { isAnalyzingDefaultBranch } from "./git-utils";
-import * as json from "./json";
 import { Language } from "./languages";
 import { Logger } from "./logging";
 import { writeBaseDatabaseOidsFile, writeOverlayChangesFile } from "./overlay";
@@ -42,11 +44,6 @@ import { BuildMode, CleanupLevel, getErrorMessage } from "./util";
 
 type Options = Array<string | number | boolean>;
 
-type CommandCacheKeyOutputMap = {
-  version: VersionInfo;
-  "resolve languages": ResolveLanguagesOutput;
-};
-
 /**
  * Extra command line options for the codeql commands.
  */
@@ -225,73 +222,10 @@ export interface CodeQL {
   ): Promise<void>;
 }
 
-export interface VersionInfo {
-  version: string;
-  features?: { [name: string]: boolean };
-  /**
-   * The overlay version helps deal with backward incompatible changes for
-   * overlay analysis. When a precompiled query pack reports the same overlay
-   * version as the CodeQL CLI, we can use the CodeQL CLI to perform overlay
-   * analysis with that pack. Otherwise, if the overlay versions are different,
-   * or if either the pack or the CLI does not report an overlay version,
-   * we need to revert to non-overlay analysis.
-   */
-  overlayVersion?: number;
-}
-
-/** Returns true if `x` is a {@link VersionInfo}. */
-export function isVersionInfo(x: unknown): x is VersionInfo {
-  return (
-    json.isObject(x) &&
-    json.validateSchema(
-      {
-        version: json.string,
-        features: json.optional(json.object),
-        overlayVersion: json.optional(json.number),
-      },
-      x,
-    )
-  );
-}
-
 export interface ResolveDatabaseOutput {
   overlayBaseSpecifier?: string;
 }
 
-export interface ResolveLanguagesOutput {
-  aliases?: {
-    [alias: string]: string;
-  };
-  extractors: {
-    [language: string]: Array<{
-      extractor_root: string;
-      extractor_options?: any;
-    }>;
-  };
-}
-
-/** Returns true if `x` is a {@link ResolveLanguagesOutput}. */
-export function isResolveLanguagesOutput(
-  x: unknown,
-): x is ResolveLanguagesOutput {
-  return (
-    json.isObject<ResolveLanguagesOutput>(x) &&
-    json.isObject(x.extractors) &&
-    Object.values(x.extractors).every(
-      (extractorList) =>
-        json.isArray(extractorList) &&
-        extractorList.every(
-          (extractor) =>
-            json.isObject<{ extractor_root: unknown }>(extractor) &&
-            json.isString(extractor.extractor_root),
-        ),
-    ) &&
-    (x.aliases === undefined ||
-      (json.isObject(x.aliases) &&
-        Object.values(x.aliases).every((alias) => json.isString(alias))))
-  );
-}
-
 export interface ResolveBuildEnvironmentOutput {
   configuration?: {
     [language: string]: {
@@ -550,19 +484,13 @@ export async function getCodeQLForTesting(
  * @param key The cache key identifying the command's output.
  * @param cmd The path to the CodeQL CLI the output is obtained from.
  * @param run Invokes the CLI to compute the output when it isn't cached.
- * @param validate Optional type guard for values loaded from the temporary file.
  */
 async function getCachedOrRun<K extends CommandCacheKey>(
   key: K,
   cmd: string,
   run: () => Promise<CommandCacheKeyOutputMap[K]>,
-  validate?: (output: unknown) => output is CommandCacheKeyOutputMap[K],
 ): Promise<CommandCacheKeyOutputMap[K]> {
-  let result = getCachedCommandOutput<CommandCacheKeyOutputMap[K]>(
-    key,
-    cmd,
-    validate,
-  );
+  let result = getCachedCommandOutput(key, cmd);
   if (result === undefined) {
     result = await run();
     cacheCommandOutput(key, cmd, result);
@@ -587,14 +515,10 @@ async function getCodeQLForCmd(
       return cmd;
     },
     async getVersion() {
-      return getCachedOrRun(
-        "version",
-        cmd,
-        () =>
-          runCliJson<VersionInfo>(cmd, ["version", "--format=json"], {
-            noStreamStdout: true,
-          }),
-        isVersionInfo,
+      return getCachedOrRun("version", cmd, () =>
+        runCliJson<VersionInfo>(cmd, ["version", "--format=json"], {
+          noStreamStdout: true,
+        }),
       );
     },
     async printVersion() {
@@ -794,31 +718,26 @@ async function getCodeQLForCmd(
       await runCli(cmd, args);
     },
     async resolveLanguages() {
-      return getCachedOrRun(
-        "resolve languages",
-        cmd,
-        async () => {
-          const isFilterToLanguagesWithQueriesSupported =
-            await this.supportsFeature(
-              ToolsFeature.BuiltinExtractorsSpecifyDefaultQueries,
-            );
-          return runCliJson<ResolveLanguagesOutput>(cmd, [
-            "resolve",
-            "languages",
-            "--format=betterjson",
-            "--extractor-options-verbosity=4",
-            "--extractor-include-aliases",
-            // TODO: Unconditionally include `--filter-to-languages-with-queries`
-            //       once CODEQL_MINIMUM_VERSION is at least v2.23.0
-            //       — the first version to support this flag.
-            ...(isFilterToLanguagesWithQueriesSupported
-              ? ["--filter-to-languages-with-queries"]
-              : []),
-            ...getExtraOptionsFromEnv(["resolve", "languages"]),
-          ]);
-        },
-        isResolveLanguagesOutput,
-      );
+      return getCachedOrRun("resolve languages", cmd, async () => {
+        const isFilterToLanguagesWithQueriesSupported =
+          await this.supportsFeature(
+            ToolsFeature.BuiltinExtractorsSpecifyDefaultQueries,
+          );
+        return runCliJson<ResolveLanguagesOutput>(cmd, [
+          "resolve",
+          "languages",
+          "--format=betterjson",
+          "--extractor-options-verbosity=4",
+          "--extractor-include-aliases",
+          // TODO: Unconditionally include `--filter-to-languages-with-queries`
+          //       once CODEQL_MINIMUM_VERSION is at least v2.23.0
+          //       — the first version to support this flag.
+          ...(isFilterToLanguagesWithQueriesSupported
+            ? ["--filter-to-languages-with-queries"]
+            : []),
+          ...getExtraOptionsFromEnv(["resolve", "languages"]),
+        ]);
+      });
     },
     async resolveBuildEnvironment(
       workingDir: string | undefined,
diff --git a/src/status-report.ts b/src/status-report.ts
index 43b279f1b..7cf152ce1 100644
--- a/src/status-report.ts
+++ b/src/status-report.ts
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ import {
 } from "./actions-util";
 import { getAnalysisKey, getApiClient } from "./api-client";
 import { getCachedCommandOutput } from "./cli/output-cache";
-import { isVersionInfo } from "./codeql";
 import { parseRegistriesWithoutCredentials, type Config } from "./config-utils";
 import { DependencyCacheRestoreStatusReport } from "./dependency-caching";
 import { DocUrl } from "./doc-url";
@@ -284,11 +283,7 @@ export async function createStatusReportBase(
       core.exportVariable(EnvVar.WORKFLOW_STARTED_AT, workflowStartedAt);
     }
     const runnerOs = getRequiredEnvParam("RUNNER_OS");
-    const codeQlCliVersion = getCachedCommandOutput(
-      "version",
-      undefined,
-      isVersionInfo,
-    );
+    const codeQlCliVersion = getCachedCommandOutput("version", undefined);
     const actionRef = process.env["GITHUB_ACTION_REF"] || "";
     const testingEnvironment = getTestingEnvironment();
     // re-export the testing environment variable so that it is available to subsequent steps,
diff --git a/src/testing-utils.ts b/src/testing-utils.ts
index d47f3be74..50876b21f 100644
--- a/src/testing-utils.ts
+++ b/src/testing-utils.ts
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import { AnalysisKind } from "./analyses";
 import * as apiClient from "./api-client";
 import { GitHubApiDetails } from "./api-client";
 import { CachingKind } from "./caching-utils";
+import type { VersionInfo } from "./cli/output-cache";
 import { resetCachedCommandOutputs } from "./cli/output-cache";
 import * as codeql from "./codeql";
 import { Config } from "./config-utils";
@@ -479,7 +480,7 @@ export const makeVersionInfo = (
   version: string,
   features?: { [name: string]: boolean },
   overlayVersion?: number,
-): codeql.VersionInfo => ({
+): VersionInfo => ({
   version,
   features,
   overlayVersion,
diff --git a/src/tools-features.ts b/src/tools-features.ts
index ff87b754d..55be17883 100644
--- a/src/tools-features.ts
+++ b/src/tools-features.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import * as semver from "semver";
 
-import type { VersionInfo } from "./codeql";
+import type { VersionInfo } from "./cli/output-cache";
 
 export enum ToolsFeature {
   BuiltinExtractorsSpecifyDefaultQueries = "builtinExtractorsSpecifyDefaultQueries",