diff --git a/lib/entry-points.js b/lib/entry-points.js
index ddd43b41d..093dcf159 100644
--- a/lib/entry-points.js
+++ b/lib/entry-points.js
@@ -194018,15 +194018,29 @@ async function checkSwiftCompatibility(config, codeql, darwinVersion2) {
 // src/languages/traced.ts
 var UNSUPPORTED_DARWIN_FOR_TRACED = 27;
 var UNSUPPORTED_XCODE_FOR_TRACED = 27;
+function diagnosticAttributeName(product) {
+  switch (product) {
+    case "macOS":
+      return "darwinVersion";
+    case "Xcode":
+      return "xcodeVersion";
+    case "Xcode SDK":
+      return "xcodeSdkVersion";
+  }
+}
 function handleUnsupportedVersion(logger2, config, tracedLanguages, abortUnsupportedTracedAnalysis, productVersion) {
   const { product, version } = productVersion;
-  const unsupportedVersion = product === "macOS" ? UNSUPPORTED_DARWIN_FOR_TRACED : UNSUPPORTED_XCODE_FOR_TRACED;
+  const unsupportedVersion = product === "macOS" ? UNSUPPORTED_DARWIN_FOR_TRACED : (
+    // We use the same constant for both Xcode and the Xcode SDK since we treat them
+    // as equivalent indicators for whether traced analysis is unsupported.
+    UNSUPPORTED_XCODE_FOR_TRACED
+  );
   const baseMessage = [
     `Traced analysis is not supported on ${product} ${unsupportedVersion} or above.`,
     `Configure your analysis to run on macOS ${UNSUPPORTED_DARWIN_FOR_TRACED - 1} or below`,
     `and Xcode ${UNSUPPORTED_XCODE_FOR_TRACED - 1} or below.`
   ].join(" ");
-  const attributeName = product === "macOS" ? "darwinVersion" : "xcodeVersion";
+  const attributeName = diagnosticAttributeName(product);
   for (const language of tracedLanguages) {
     addDiagnostic(
       config,
@@ -194117,14 +194131,21 @@ async function checkRunnerSupportsTracedAnalysis(action, config, codeql) {
     );
     return;
   }
-  const xcodeVer = xcodeVersionFromLink(action.logger) ?? await xcodeVersionFromXcodeBuild(action.logger) ?? await xcodeSdkVersion(action.logger);
-  if (xcodeVer !== void 0 && xcodeVer.major >= UNSUPPORTED_XCODE_FOR_TRACED) {
+  const xcodeVer = xcodeVersionFromLink(action.logger) ?? await xcodeVersionFromXcodeBuild(action.logger);
+  let xcodeProduct = void 0;
+  if (xcodeVer !== void 0) {
+    xcodeProduct = { product: "Xcode", version: xcodeVer };
+  } else {
+    const xcodeSdkVer = await xcodeSdkVersion(action.logger);
+    xcodeProduct = xcodeSdkVer !== void 0 ? { product: "Xcode SDK", version: xcodeSdkVer } : void 0;
+  }
+  if (xcodeProduct !== void 0 && xcodeProduct.version.major >= UNSUPPORTED_XCODE_FOR_TRACED) {
     handleUnsupportedVersion(
       action.logger,
       config,
       tracedLanguages,
       abortUnsupportedTracedAnalysis,
-      { product: "Xcode", version: xcodeVer }
+      xcodeProduct
     );
   } else if (xcodeVer === void 0) {
     action.logger.info(
diff --git a/src/languages/traced.ts b/src/languages/traced.ts
index a6fedd67e..12ecd03a3 100644
--- a/src/languages/traced.ts
+++ b/src/languages/traced.ts
@@ -22,12 +22,27 @@ export const UNSUPPORTED_DARWIN_FOR_TRACED = 27;
 /** Xcode 27 and above do not support traced extraction. */
 export const UNSUPPORTED_XCODE_FOR_TRACED = 27;
 
+/** Names of products that we check the versions of here. */
+type ProductName = "macOS" | "Xcode" | "Xcode SDK";
+
 /** A version along with the product it relates to. */
 type ProductVersion = {
-  product: "macOS" | "Xcode";
+  product: ProductName;
   version: semver.SemVer;
 };
 
+/** Gets the appropriate attribute name for the diagnostic based on {@link product}. */
+function diagnosticAttributeName(product: ProductName): string {
+  switch (product) {
+    case "macOS":
+      return "darwinVersion";
+    case "Xcode":
+      return "xcodeVersion";
+    case "Xcode SDK":
+      return "xcodeSdkVersion";
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * Creates a diagnostic indicating that `version` of `product` is unsupported for traced analysis.
  * Depending on `skipUnsupportedTracedAnalysis`, this function then either throws a {@link ConfigurationError}
@@ -50,14 +65,17 @@ function handleUnsupportedVersion(
   const unsupportedVersion =
     product === "macOS"
       ? UNSUPPORTED_DARWIN_FOR_TRACED
-      : UNSUPPORTED_XCODE_FOR_TRACED;
+      : // We use the same constant for both Xcode and the Xcode SDK since we treat them
+        // as equivalent indicators for whether traced analysis is unsupported.
+        UNSUPPORTED_XCODE_FOR_TRACED;
+
   const baseMessage = [
     `Traced analysis is not supported on ${product} ${unsupportedVersion} or above.`,
     `Configure your analysis to run on macOS ${UNSUPPORTED_DARWIN_FOR_TRACED - 1} or below`,
     `and Xcode ${UNSUPPORTED_XCODE_FOR_TRACED - 1} or below.`,
   ].join(" ");
 
-  const attributeName = product === "macOS" ? "darwinVersion" : "xcodeVersion";
+  const attributeName = diagnosticAttributeName(product);
 
   // Create a diagnostic that will show up on the TSP.
   for (const language of tracedLanguages) {
@@ -201,19 +219,30 @@ export async function checkRunnerSupportsTracedAnalysis(
   // incompatible, either is fine as we only check the major version below.
   const xcodeVer =
     xcodeVersionFromLink(action.logger) ??
-    (await xcodeVersionFromXcodeBuild(action.logger)) ??
-    (await xcodeSdkVersion(action.logger));
+    (await xcodeVersionFromXcodeBuild(action.logger));
+  let xcodeProduct: ProductVersion | undefined = undefined;
+
+  if (xcodeVer !== undefined) {
+    xcodeProduct = { product: "Xcode", version: xcodeVer };
+  } else {
+    // Fallback to checking the SDK version, which may be available even if a full Xcode installation is not.
+    const xcodeSdkVer = await xcodeSdkVersion(action.logger);
+    xcodeProduct =
+      xcodeSdkVer !== undefined
+        ? { product: "Xcode SDK", version: xcodeSdkVer }
+        : undefined;
+  }
 
   if (
-    xcodeVer !== undefined &&
-    xcodeVer.major >= UNSUPPORTED_XCODE_FOR_TRACED
+    xcodeProduct !== undefined &&
+    xcodeProduct.version.major >= UNSUPPORTED_XCODE_FOR_TRACED
   ) {
     handleUnsupportedVersion(
       action.logger,
       config,
       tracedLanguages,
       abortUnsupportedTracedAnalysis,
-      { product: "Xcode", version: xcodeVer },
+      xcodeProduct,
     );
   } else if (xcodeVer === undefined) {
     action.logger.info(